We study transitions from chaotic to integrable Hamiltonians in the double scaled SYK and $p$-spin systems. The dynamics of our models is described by chord diagrams with two species. We begin by developing a path integral formalism of coarse graining chord diagrams with a single species of chords, which has the same equations of motion as the bi-local Liouville action, yet appears otherwise to be different and in particular well defined. We then develop a similar formalism for two types of chords, allowing us to study different types of deformations of double scaled SYK and in particular a deformation by an integrable Hamiltonian. The system has two distinct thermodynamic phases: one is continuously connected to the chaotic SYK Hamiltonian, the other is continuously connected to the integrable Hamiltonian, separated at low temperature by a first order phase transition.
A longstanding conjecture of Carleson stated that the tangent points of the boundaries of certain planar domains can be characterized by the behavior of the Carleson ε-function. This conjecture, which was fully resolved by Jaye, Tolsa, and Villa in 2021, established that having some Dini type control of the Carleson ε-function implied the existence of tangents. A natural question is whether quantitative control on this function implies better regularity results. In this talk, we will present results that give a positive answer to this question. This is ongoing work.
Modeling of the non-linear dynamics of virus in vivo, for example during primary infection or following drug treatment, has been used in the last two decades to study the biology of diverse viruses. I will discuss, with examples from HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the principles and approach of this methodology. I will also present recent examples of insights into the biology of these viruses and SARS-CoV-2 gained with viral dynamics.
The logarithm map from complex algebraic torus to the Euclidean space, sends an n-tuple of nonzero complex numbers to the logarithms of their absolute values. The image of a subvariety in the torus under the logarithm map is called "amoeba" and it contains geometric information about the variety. In this talk we explore the extension of the notion of logarithm map and amoeba to the non-commutative setting, that is for a spherical homogeneous space G/H where G is a connected complex reductive algebraic group. This is related to Victor Batyrev's question of describing K-orbits in G/H.
The talk is based on a join work with Victor Batyrev, Megumi Harada and Johannes Hofscheier.
We use 3d defect TQFTs and state sum models with defects to give a gauge theoretical formulation of Kitaev's quantum double model (for a finite group) and the (untwisted) Dijkgraaf-Witten TQFT with defects. This leads to a simple description in terms of embedded quivers, groupoids and their representations. Defect Dijkgraaf-Witten TQFT is then formulated in terms of spans of groupoids and their representations.
This is work in progress with João Faria Martins (University of Leeds).
In 1757, Leonhard Euler wrote in his memoir Principes généreux du mouvement des fluides an equation for the conservation of momentum and another for the conservation of mass. These equations were among the first partial differential equations ever written and raised the initial problems that later led to the development of the domain of conservation laws with widespread applications in physics and chemistry. From a mathematical point of view, they are often classified as hyperbolic due to their wavelike solutions. Yet, they are famous for having shock singularities, requiring mostly an ad hoc mathematical framework and often being placed in the last chapter of PDE textbooks.
In this talk, I will review this mathematical framework. As an application, I will discuss in detail a system of two conservation laws that emerges as a scaling limit of an interacting particle system, namely the two-species totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (2-TASEP). This system is integrable at the microscopic level in the Yang-Baxter sense. Interestingly, its hydrodynamic limit PDEs are integrable in the sense that they belong to the Temple Class, making it a potential toy model to investigate the relation between the two notions of integrability.
In recent years, there has been a growing number of applications of stable homotopy theory to condensed matter physics, many of which stem from a conjecture of Kitaev that gapped invertible phases of matter should be classified by the homotopy groups of a spectrum. This gives rise to a mathematical modeling question: how do we model quantum systems in such a way that this result can be better understood, perhaps even proved? In this talk, I will discuss some aspects of this modeling problem. This is based on joint work with Mike Hermele, Juan Moreno, Markus Pflaum, Marvin Qi and Daniel Spiegel, David Stephen, Xueda Wen.
Nonstandard analysis (NSA), founded by Abraham Robinson in the 1960s, was to a great extent inspired by Leibniz’s ideas and intuitions towards the use of infinitesimal and infinitely large quantities. One of the greatest features of NSA is that, by allowing a correct formulation of infinitesimals, one is now able to reason using orders of magnitude. This means that one can give precise meaning, and reason formally, about otherwise vague terms such as "small" or "large". Recently, accounts of vagueness relying on NSA were introduced [2, 8, 4]. In particular, and unlike other accounts of vagueness, the so-called nonstandard primitivist account [4, 5] embraces transitivity for marginal differences (i.e. "small" differences), but not for large differences in a soritical series. Nonstandard primitivism also seems to be particularly adequate to deal with the ship of Theseus paradox [3, 6] and may also shed some light in doxastic reasoning by considering infinitesimal probabilities and associating them to infinitesimal credences [1, 7]. We aim at assessing the relative merits of nonstandard primitivism and to show some lines of future research regarding the connections between NSA and philosophy.
Severals SPDEs arise from SDE dynamics under partial conditioning of the noise. My talk will circulate on three concrete examples, the Zakai equation from non-linear filtering, the pathwise control problem suggested by Lions-Sougandis, and last not least a rough PDE approach to pricing in non-Markovian stochastic volatility models. Underlying all these examples is the notion of rough stochastic differential equations, recently introduced by K. Lê, A. Hocquet and the speaker.
The main aim of this talk is to discuss the existence of nontrivial (and non semi-trivial) least energy solutions for a Neumann elliptic system with a critical nonlinearity, characterized by a cooperative-competitive behaviour, namely \[ \begin{cases} -\Delta u+\lambda_1 u=u^3+β uv^2 & \text{ in } \Omega\\ -\Delta v+\lambda_2 v=v^3+\beta u^2v & \text{ in } \Omega\\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial\nu}=\frac{\partial v}{\partial \nu}=0 &\text{ on } \partial\Omega,\\ \end{cases} \label{eq:pbeta} \tag{$\mathcal P_\beta$} \] where $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^4$ is a $C^2$ bounded domain, and $\lambda_1,\lambda_2>0$ and the parameter $\beta\in\mathbb{R}$ captures the essence of cooperation-competition, assuming positive or negative values respectively.
The approach is variational and the idea is to minimize the energy functional on a suitable manifold of the Nehari type. In addition, to deal with the critical power, we estimate the energy level, using the solutions of $-\Delta w=w^3$ in $ \mathbb{R} ^4$ and the solution for the scalar equations $-\Delta u_i+\lambda_iu_i=u_i^3$ in $\Omega$, to establish a compactness condition based on the classical Cherrier's inequality: if $\partial\Omega\in C^1$ then for each $\varepsilon\gt 0$ there exists $M_{\varepsilon}>0$ such that $$\|u\|_{2^*}\le\left(\frac{2^{2/N}}{S}+\varepsilon\right)^{1/2}\|\nabla u\|_2+M_{\varepsilon}\|u\|_2,\ \ \forall\ u\in H^1(\Omega),$$ where $S$ is the best Sobolev constant. Additionally, I will discuss the more difficult cases in which $\lambda_1,\lambda_2\le0$, that I have started to study recently.
EMV is the international protocol standard for smartcard payments and is used in billions of payment cards worldwide. Despite the standard’s advertised security, various issues have been previously uncovered, deriving from logical flaws that are hard to spot in EMV’s lengthy and complex specification, running over 2,000 pages.
We have formalized various models of EMV in Tamarin, a symbolic model checker for cryptographic protocols. Tamarin was extremely effective in finding critical flaws, both known and new. For example, we discovered multiple ways that an attacker can use a victim's EMV card (e.g., Mastercard or Visa Card) for high-valued purchases without the victim's supposedly required PIN. Said more simply, the PIN on your EMV card is useless! We report on this, as well as followup work with an EMV consortium member on verifying the latest, improved version of the protocol, the EMV Kernel C-8. Overall our work provides evidence that security protocol model checkers like Tamarin have an essential role to play in developing real-world payment protocols and that they are up to this challenge.
Phishing remains one of the most effective cyber threats, affecting millions of organizations. Phishing education, training, and awareness programs are used to address employees’ lack of knowledge about phishing attacks. However, despite being very expensive, these interventions are not always effective, mainly due to the lack of customization of training materials based on the employees’ needs and profiles. In fact, creating customized training content for each employee and each context would require a huge effort from security practitioners and educators thus increasing costs even more. The proposal we present in this talk is to use Large Language Models to automate some steps in the design process of training content, which is tailored to the specific user profile. Joint work with Giuseppe Desolda and Francesco Greco of the University of Bari.
Davies's efficient covering theorem states that we can cover any measurable set in the plane by lines without increasing the total measure. This result has a dual formulation, known as Falconer's digital sundial theorem, which states that we can construct a set in the plane to have any desired projections, up to null sets. The argument relies on a Venetian blind construction, a classical method in geometric measure theory. In joint work with Alex McDonald and Krystal Taylor, we study a variant of Davies's efficient covering theorem in which we replace lines with curves. This has a dual formulation in terms of nonlinear projections.
I will present some models in ecology and epidemiology using a transport equation approach, so called structured models. The first models are of predator-prey type and include a variable hunger structure. They take the form of nonlocal transport equations coupled to ODEs. Then, we use a similar approach in an epidemiological model including disease awareness and variable susceptibility. We show well-posedness results, asymptotic behavior, and numerical simulations. This is joint work with C. Rebelo, A. Margheri, and P. Lafargeas.
Topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) have attracted much attention from the physics and mathematical communities over the last thirty years, and for good reason: in low dimensions they let simple topology inform less-understood algebraic constructions. In the first half of this talk we will introduce factorization homology, a powerful procedure for constructing TQFTs out of homotopical gadgets, called $\mathsf{E}_n$-algebras. We explore this in dimension $n=1$, by using string-nets. In the second half of the talk, we introduce TQFTs with defects and factorization homology for stratified spaces and for an appropriate notion of stratified $\mathsf{E}_n$-algebra. Once again, we focus on dimension $n=1$, and will end by offering a conjectural connection between string-nets on stratified cylinders, Drinfel'd centres for bimodule categories and quasiparticles in a topological quantum computer.
We will give a gentle introduction to gerbes and other assorted "higher structures" from topology and mathematical physics. Gerbes are a generalization of line bundles. For a line bundle, the space of sections forms a vector space, and a little extra geometric structure can make it into a Hilbert space, beloved by quantum physicists everywhere. After introducing gerbes, we will ponder the analogous construction: how do we define a "Hilbert space of sections" for a gerbe?
This expository talk is based on the work of Bunk and Szabo.
Sharp restriction theory and the finite field extension problem have both received much attention in the last two decades, but so far they have not intersected. In this talk, we discuss our first results on sharp restriction theory on finite fields. Even though our methods for dealing with paraboloids and cones borrow some inspiration from their euclidean counterparts, new phenomena arise which are related to the underlying arithmetic and discrete structures. The talk is based on recent joint work with Cristian González-Riquelme.
For measuring possible concentrations of the eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator on a manifold, Burq-Gerard-Tzvetkov studied $L^p$ norm of the restrictions of the eigenfunctions to submanifolds. They proved sharp $L^p$ estimates restricted to the geodesic or a curve having nonvanishing geodesic curvature. I will talk about $L^p$ estimates restricted to a curve which is not geodesic and has vanishing geodesic curvature. The proof involves semiclassical analysis.
We define the atomic Hardy space $H^p_{\mathcal{L},\operatorname{at}}(\mathbb{C}^n)$, $0\lt p≤ 1$, for the twisted Laplacian $\mathcal{L}$ and prove its equivalence with the Hardy space defined using the maximal function corresponding to the heat semigroup $e^{-\mathcal{L}t}$, $t\gt 0$. We also prove sharp $L^p$, $0\lt p≤ 1$, estimates for $\mathcal{L}^{β/2}e^{i\sqrt{\mathcal{L}}}$. More precisely, we prove that it is a bounded operator on $H^p_{\mathcal{L},\operatorname{at}}(\mathbb{C}^n)$ when $β≥(2n-1)(1/p-1/2)$.
We will discuss a weak universality phenomenon in the context of two-dimensional fractional nonlinear wave equations. For a sequence of Hamiltonians of high-degree potentials scaling to the fractional $Φ_2^4$, we will present a sufficient and almost necessary criteria for the convergence of invariant measures to the fractional $Φ_2^4$. Then we will discuss the convergence result for the sequence of associated wave dynamics to the (renormalized) cubic wave equation. This extends a result of Gubinelli-Koch-Oh to a situation where we do not have any local Cauchy theory with highly supercritical nonlinearities. This is a joint work with Chenmin Sun and Weijun Xu.
